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If you’re planning a career as a truck driver, the first step is obtaining a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP). This permit is a critical milestone toward earning your full Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) because it allows you to practice driving a commercial vehicle on public roads while supervised by a licensed CDL holder. That supervised experience is essential before you can take your CDL skills test.
To get a CLP, you must meet your state’s eligibility requirements. These usually include age criteria, proof of identity and residency, a review of your driving record, and, in most states, a valid DOT medical certificate to confirm you’re physically qualified to drive a commercial vehicle. The process is straightforward, but the rules and terminology can feel confusing if you’re new to commercial driving.
In this guide, we’ll explain what a CLP is, outline the steps to obtain one, and answer common questions for new drivers.
What is a CDL permit?
A Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP), often called a CDL permit, is a temporary license that allows you to legally practice driving a commercial vehicle before earning your full CDL. Even if you already hold a standard driver’s license, you must obtain a CLP first to begin hands-on training with commercial trucks or buses.
Unlike a full Commercial Driver’s License, the CDL permit is strictly for learning and skill-building. It allows you to train under the supervision of a qualified CDL holder, but it cannot be used for paid driving. Once you complete your training and pass the required skills tests, you can upgrade from the permit to a full CDL and start driving professionally.
Who needs a CDL permit?
You need a CDL permit (CLP) if you plan to operate any type of commercial vehicle that requires a CDL—whether you’re preparing to haul freight, transport passengers, move heavy equipment, or carry hazardous materials. If the vehicle meets federal or state CDL thresholds for weight, passenger capacity, or cargo type, you must first obtain a CDL permit before you can begin hands-on training.
It’s quite similar to getting a learner’s permit for your regular driver’s license. The CDL permit is your starting point, which allows you to practice driving a commercial vehicle under supervision and build the skills you’ll need to qualify for your full CDL.
How to get a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP)?
To obtain a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP), you must be at least 18 years old and hold a valid, non-commercial driver’s license. Age requirements may vary by state, so be sure to check your state’s regulations. Some states may also require a DOT physical exam before you can begin your training.
Another important step is choosing the type of CLP that matches the class of commercial vehicle you plan to drive. Below is a detailed guide outlining each step to help you successfully secure your CLP.
Step 1: Meet the Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) requirements
The first step in obtaining a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) is ensuring you meet the basic eligibility criteria.
To qualify for a CLP, you must:
- Be at least 18 years old for intrastate driving
- Be at least 21 years old for interstate driving or Canada
- Hold a valid non-commercial driver’s license in your state of residence.
- Be a U.S. citizen or provide proof of lawful residency (birth certificate, passport, Social Security number, or work authorization).
- Pass a Department of Transportation (DOT) physical exam conducted by a certified medical examiner.
- Meet any state-specific requirements, which may include a driving history background check.
- Pass the required written knowledge exams at your local DMV or licensing facility.
Before you apply, review your state’s CDL manual, which outlines every rule, document requirement, and testing procedure. Meeting these criteria ensures you are legally and medically cleared to start practicing with your CLP and prepare for your full CDL.
Step 2: Get and study your state’s CDL manual
One of the most crucial steps in obtaining your Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) or Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) is to obtain your state’s CDL manual. Every state publishes its own version, and while federal rules stay consistent, the manual explains the specific testing procedures, documentation requirements, and state-level regulations to follow.
The CDL manual is a comprehensive resource for aspiring commercial drivers and covers information on:
- Testing procedures and what to expect for the exam
- CDL and CLP requirements for your state
- Safe driving practices for commercial vehicles
- Rules for transporting cargo and passengers
- State-specific tips, restrictions, and procedures
Reviewing and following the instructions in your state’s manual will help you prepare effectively for your CLP exam and streamline the licensing process. You can usually obtain a manual online or pick up a physical copy at your local DMV office.
Step 3: Choose the type of CLP
Once you meet the basic requirements for a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP), the next step is to decide which type of permit you need. Your choice will depend on the type of Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) you plan to pursue—Class A, B, or C—as each allows you to operate different types and sizes of commercial vehicles.
- Class A CDL: Permits you to drive combination vehicles, such as tractor-trailers or semi-trucks.
- Class B CDL: Allows you to operate single, large vehicles like buses, dump trucks, or box trucks.
- Class C CDL: Intended for smaller commercial vehicles carrying passengers or hazardous materials.
In addition to selecting your CDL class, consider whether you want to include additional endorsements to your CLP. CDL endorsements, such as those for school buses, tank vehicles, or hazardous materials, require additional testing but expand the types of vehicles you can legally operate.
Step 4: Pass a DOT physical exam
Before you can obtain your Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP), you must pass a Department of Transportation (DOT) physical exam to confirm that you are medically fit to operate a commercial vehicle safely. This exam is a mandatory step in the licensing process and ensures that drivers meet both federal and state health standards.
During the DOT physical, a certified medical examiner will evaluate your:
- Vision and hearing
- Overall physical health
- Ability to safely operate a commercial vehicle
- Screening for drug or substance use
Some states require a DOT medical card or a medical certificate as part of the CLP application. Without a valid medical card, you may be restricted to intrastate driving only. The DMV or licensing authority will provide instructions on how to schedule your exam, which is often conducted at DOT-approved facilities. In some cases, the cost of the physical may be included with your permit fees.
Step 5: Apply for your Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP)
Once you’ve met all the preliminary requirements, the next step is to apply for your Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) at your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Many states allow applications both in person and online, though it’s a good idea to check if you need an appointment before visiting a DMV office.
When applying, you’ll need to bring several key documents:
- Your state’s CDL manual for reference
- A completed DOT physical or medical certificate
- Proof of identity (such as a passport or birth certificate)
- Proof of Social Security number (SS card, W-2, or paycheck stub)
- Proof of U.S. citizenship or lawful residency
- A list of states where you’ve held a driver’s license in the past 10 years
- Any additional documents required by your state
You must also meet federal and state qualifications, including:
- No license suspensions or revocations
- No disqualifications under FMCSA regulations
- Only holding a driver’s license in one state
- Ability to read and speak English to take the exam
CLP application fees typically start around $20, but they can vary by state. Some states also allow you to apply for endorsements—such as for tank vehicles or school buses—at the same time you apply for your CLP. In certain cases, taking the endorsement test on the same day as your CLP exam may reduce additional fees.
Step 6: Take the CLP exam
After completing all the prerequisites for your Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP), the final step is to pass the CLP knowledge exam, which is administered by your state’s DMV. The test is typically computer-based, and you’ll need to provide proof of identification and a thumbprint upon arrival to verify your identity.
The exam is divided into three main sections, and you must score at least 80% to pass:
- General knowledge: Usually 50 questions covering safe driving practices, transporting cargo, and basic commercial vehicle operation.
- Air brakes: Up to 25 questions focused on the operation and safety of air brake systems used in trucks.
- Combination vehicles: Up to 25 questions testing knowledge of driving and inspecting tractor-trailers and other combination vehicles.
The total number of questions can vary slightly by state, but these sections form the core of the CLP exam. Successfully passing this test documents that you have the essential knowledge to begin supervised practice driving under your CLP, bringing you one step closer to earning your full CDL.
How much does it cost to get a CDL permit?
The price of obtaining a CDL permit can vary depending on the state where you apply. Each state sets its own licensing fees, and in some cases, the fee may be waived—especially if you apply online or if there is a high demand for new commercial drivers.
In most states, the permit typically costs less than $20. To get the most accurate and up-to-date information, check your state’s Department of Transportation website.
How long does the CDL permit last?
The validity of a CDL permit varies by state, but generally, a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) is valid for around 180 days. This timeframe provides ample opportunity to complete training programs or gain supervised driving experience with a company before upgrading to a full CDL.
It’s important to check your state’s regulations to confirm the exact duration of your permit and ensure you complete all required steps before it expires.
Are there any CLP driving restrictions?
Holders of a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) must follow specific restrictions to ensure safety and compliance with federal and state regulations. The primary rule is that you can only operate a commercial vehicle while being accompanied by a valid CDL holder in the vehicle. Supervision is absolutely mandatory.
In addition, CLP holders are not allowed to:
- Drive a vehicle that is placarded for hazardous materials.
- Operate a bus or any vehicle carrying passengers, except for the supervising CDL holder.
- Drive a commercial vehicle for which they do not have the appropriate CLP or required endorsements.
- Transport property in a commercial motor vehicle.
Frequently asked questions about the CLP permit
What if you fail the CLP exam?
Failing your Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) exam isn’t the end of the road. Most states allow you to retake the test, though you may need to wait a short period—often a day or more—before your next attempt. A small fee may also apply for each retake.
Can you get a CLP without attending CDL school?
You don’t have to enroll in a CDL school to obtain a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP). In fact, you can get a CLP independently and use it to prepare for hands-on training. Many CDL courses include CLP test preparation as part of the curriculum.
However, before starting behind-the-wheel training, you must hold a valid learner’s permit, ensuring you’re legally allowed to practice driving a commercial vehicle under legal supervision.
Can you have a CDL permit in multiple states?
No, you cannot hold a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) in more than one state at the same time. Federal regulations prohibit having CDL permits or licenses from multiple states simultaneously, so you must obtain and maintain your permit in a single state.
How long must you hold a CLP before taking the CDL test?
Before you can take the test for your full Commercial Driver’s License (CDL), you are required to hold your Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) for a minimum of 14 days. This mandatory waiting period gives new drivers the opportunity to gain practice and develop the skills needed to pass the CDL exam confidently.
Do you need prior experience to get a CLP?
No prior driving or commercial vehicle experience is required to obtain a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP). As long as you meet the preliminary eligibility requirements, complete the necessary training, and pass the required tests, you are eligible to get a CLP and begin practicing under the supervision of a licensed CDL driver.
